**Lesson Plan: Security Education for Junior Secondary 1**
**Topic: Causes of Advance Fee Fraud (419) and Embezzlement**
**Duration:** 80 minutes (Two 40-minute sessions)
### Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Define advance fee fraud (419) and embezzlement.
2. Identify and explain the causes of advance fee fraud and embezzlement.
3. Understand the implications of engaging in such fraudulent activities.
4. Discuss preventive measures to combat these types of fraud.
### Materials:
- Plain paper and pens
- Whiteboard and markers
- Projector (if available) for presentation slides
- Printed handouts with keynotes
- News articles or case studies about advance fee fraud and embezzlement
### Lesson Structure:
#### Introduction (10 minutes)
1. **Welcome and Overview**
- Greet students and provide an overview of today's lesson.
- Briefly discuss the importance of security education and awareness against fraud.
2. **Icebreaker Activity**
- Ask students if they have heard the terms 'advance fee fraud' or 'embezzlement.'
- Note down responses and initial thoughts on the board.
#### Session 1: Understanding Advance Fee Fraud (419) (35 minutes)
1. **Definition and Explanation (10 minutes)**
- Define advance fee fraud (419): A scam in which the victim is promised a significant sum of money or other gains in return for an upfront payment.
- Show a short case study or news video clip (3-5 minutes) illustrating an example of 419 fraud.
2. **Causes of Advance Fee Fraud (15 minutes)**
- Discuss the following causes:
- Greed and the desire for quick riches.
- Economic hardship and unemployment.
- Lack of effective law enforcement.
- Low level of awareness and education.
- High level of corruption within societies.
- Get students to provide examples or scenarios where these causes might lead to advance fee fraud.
3. **Group Activity: Identifying Vulnerable Victims (10 minutes)**
- Divide students into small groups and give them scenarios to discuss who might be vulnerable to 419 fraud and why.
- Have each group present their analysis.
#### Session 2: Understanding Embezzlement (35 minutes)
1. **Definition and Explanation (10 minutes)**
- Define embezzlement: The act of withholding assets for the purpose of theft, typically by a person entrusted with such assets.
- Provide real-life examples from recent news articles or case studies.
2. **Causes of Embezzlement (15 minutes)**
- Discuss the following causes:
- Lack of oversight and internal controls in organizations.
- Personal financial pressures.
- Opportunity and access to funds.
- Poor organizational culture.
- Greed and the temptation to improve one's lifestyle illegally.
- Encourage students to come up with their own possible causes based on the discussed cases.
3. **Role-Playing Activity (10 minutes)**
- Organize a role-playing session where a few students act out a scenario of embezzlement in an organization, while others play roles such as auditors or whistleblowers.
- Discuss how the situation could have been prevented.
### Conclusion (10 minutes)
1. **Recap and Key Takeaways**
- Recap definitions and main causes discussed for both advance fee fraud (419) and embezzlement.
- Highlight the importance of vigilance and preventive measures.
2. **Q&A Session**
- Allow students to ask any questions or share any thoughts on the lesson.
3. **Assignment**
- Provide a short assignment where students have to write an essay or create a poster about ways to prevent advance fee fraud and embezzlement in their community.
### Assessment:
- Participation in group and role-playing activities.
- Quality and thoughtfulness of responses during discussions.
- Completion and thoughtfulness of the assignment.
### Follow-up:
In subsequent classes, delve into specific preventive measures, the role of technology in fraud detection, and the importance of ethical behavior in personal and professional contexts.